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B1IntermediateVerbs · Point 30 / 40

avoir à l’imparfait + participe passé, être à l’imparfait + participe passé, on avait + participe passé

The plus-que-parfait (“j’avais commandé”, “elle était partie”, “on avait dit”) tells of an action already finished before another past action.

StructurePatternMeaning
avoir à l’imparfait+ participe passé“avoir” in the imparfait + past participle: forms the plus-que-parfait for most verbs
être à l’imparfait+ participe passé“être” in the imparfait + past participle: forms the plus-que-parfait for verbs of movement or change of state
on avait+ participe passéused to recall what had been agreed

The auxiliary choice is the same as in the passé composé: “j’avais oublié” but “j’étais parti”. The participle agrees with the subject when the verb is conjugated with “être”.

In context

Examples from our dialogues

Lines taken from our dialogues. Listen to them, then open the full dialogue to hear them in a real situation.

Watch out

Common mistakes

Mistakes you will often hear, and the right way to say it.

  • J'ai oublié mon passeport, alors je ne l'avais pas.J'avais oublié mon passeport, alors je ne l'avais pas.

    The forgetting happened before the moment you did not have it: it is the earlier action, so it goes in the plus-que-parfait. The passé composé would put both actions at the same time.

  • Elle avait partie avant midi.Elle était partie avant midi.

    “Partir” takes “être” in the passé composé (“elle est partie”), so also in the plus-que-parfait (“elle était partie”). And the participle agrees: “partie” for “elle”.

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Related readings

Short texts where this point comes up. Read them to see it inside a story.