The starting point. Quebec's health insurance is run by the Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ). It covers much of your medical care, but you're not enrolled automatically when you arrive: you have to apply yourself, and the sooner the better.
The waiting period. Most new residents must wait before their coverage begins. In general, you become eligible on the first day of the third month following your arrival — a delay that can run up to about three months. It applies even if you're a Canadian citizen.
Who is exempt. Some people are covered as soon as they arrive: this includes minor children and pregnant women. In addition, citizens of countries that have signed a social security agreement with Quebec — such as France or Belgium — can get immediate access, on presentation of proof from their home plan.
Protecting yourself during the wait. While the waiting period runs, you are not covered by RAMQ and care can be expensive. It's strongly advised to take out private health insurance for this stretch so you're never left without protection.
Registering. In most cases you can register online; in certain situations you'll need to call RAMQ at 1-800-561-9749. Prepare your documents according to your status (permanent residence, work permit, and so on), have your photo taken when required, and your card will then be mailed to you.
Renewing. The card has an expiry date. Permanent residents usually receive a renewal notice a few months before it lapses; temporary residents often have to start the process themselves without an automatic notice. Don't let your card expire: a lapsed card can force you to pay for care that's normally covered.
Good to know for newcomers. Register with RAMQ in your very first days in Quebec — the waiting period is already ticking, so every week counts. And keep private insurance until your public coverage actually begins.
